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Source: http://whateveritis.com/?p=1355

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User:ArdConover583 - Quakerpedia, the Quaker encyclopedia

From Quakerpedia

The label holistic medical professional can be used to several unique health attention professionals. Without a doubt, any doctor who incorporates the bigger holistic technique within her or his practice may certainly be a holistic doctor. But, what is that larger approach? Do you know the major characteristics on the holistic tactic?

In common, it might be said that this holistic way of health involves an specific acceptance from the connection in between mind, human body, and heart. Those exactly who adopt your holistic procedure for health understand that we now have acute conditions and accidents that demand traditional health care interventions. Yet, they also believe that the prevention of illness, the particular maintenance associated with everyday health and fitness, and rehabilitation carrying out a severe ailment, are best addressed by taking into consideration the whole man or women. As some sort of rule, clicking here of holistic healthcare usually act because healthcare partners with their clients. They inspire their clients to look at an active role inside preserving as well as enhancing their own health and in determining the most effective treatment course when productive interventions are needed. Nutrition, conditioning, and sociable and emotional well-being could be taken under consideration in any plan of action.

Perhaps simply because they represent choice and complementary ways to healthcare, we tend to think about herbalists, rub down therapists, reflexologists, naturopaths, along with acupuncturists since holistic health and fitness practitioners. But, it is not the therapeutic specialty of which determines whether a unique individual is, in truth, a of utilizing holistic healthcare practitioner. Even a physician helpful resources throughout traditional health-related practices is often a holistic practitioner or healthcare provider. It all hangs on the actual healthcare philosophy adopted and also the types of additional training the average person has sought out.

Today you can find schools which supplement the training they provide in specialized types of healing using additional broad training in holistic health-related. This ensures that students will tend to be introduced to be able to such subjects as strength systems, diet, natural cures, and body work. Upon completion with their training, college students may generate a certificates in of utilizing holistic health. The National Association of going here also can evaluate ones own training along with, where appropriate, confer the actual designation Board Certified Holistic Medical professional.

Source: http://www.quakerpedia.org/index.php?title=User:ArdConover583

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NASA investigates proton radiation effects on cells

ScienceDaily (Aug. 4, 2012) ? A team of researchers at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory in Berkeley, Calif., has found radiation from protons could further enhance a process that occurs during tumor progression. This information may help lead to better methods to protect astronauts from the harmful effects of radiation in space, as well as help cancer researchers on Earth better understand the effects of radiation treatment on the human body.

NASA is particularly interested in this research because protons, which are charged subatomic particles, are the main source of space radiation astronauts receive during spaceflights. The study was part of NASA's ongoing effort to learn how to mitigate the effects of radiation during long-duration missions to destinations beyond low Earth orbit, such as asteroids and Mars.

"Our paper makes new discoveries on the potential risks from low doses of protons that occur outside of the tumor during radiation therapy, and to all tissues for astronauts exposed to space radiation," said Francis A. Cucinotta, chief scientist for the Human Research Program Space Radiation Program Element at Johnson and one of the authors of the paper.

The objective of the researchers was to study the biological effects of low-energy protons on epithelial cells (membranous tissues found throughout the body) and the protons' propensity to enhance a process that occurs during tumor progression. This process is called epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which has been associated with cancer progression. EMT also has been linked to radiation-induced fibrosis, one of the most common late effects of radiotherapy.

Notably, the study revealed protons alone can induce EMT-associated changes in normal human epithelial cells. Although the total body dose received in space is moderately low compared to what is received in radiotherapy, this study reveals that low doses of protons still may prompt EMT and result in potentially detrimental effects.

These studies were conducted at Johnson and at the NASA Space Radiation Laboratory at Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, N.Y.

Results of the study were published as "Protons Sensitize Epithelial Cells to Mesenchymal Transition" in the July 23 issue of the journal PLoS ONE.

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by NASA.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. Minli Wang, Megumi Hada, Janapriya Saha, Deepa M. Sridharan, Janice M. Pluth, Francis A. Cucinotta. Protons Sensitize Epithelial Cells to Mesenchymal Transition. PLoS ONE, 2012; 7 (7): e41249 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041249

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_health/~3/7CrV0S7s6Bc/120804083925.htm

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Food Corner: Creamy Potato Soup in Slow cooker

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Creamy Potato Soup in Slow cooker

This slow cooker potato soup is a very easy recipe to prepare using common ingredients. Though it cooks slowly, preparation is very faster & can say less than 10 minutes. Here is the recipe for creamy slow cooker potato soup
1 cup chicken stock or a soup cube dissolved in warm water Peel, wash & dice potatoes. Arrange sliced onion in slow cooker pot. On top of that, put all diced potatoes. Add chicken stock & 2 cups water. Cook in slow cooker for 2 hrs in low or until potatoes are tender.(check your settings for slow cooker timing) Mean time whisk flour & milk together & keep aside. Once potato pieces are tender,mash them little bit. Then add whisked flour & milk.Mix well. Cook for another 30 minutes.

Source: http://foodssrilanka.blogspot.com/2012/08/creamy-potato-soup-in-slow-cooker.html

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'Cry' of a shredded star heralds a new era for testing relativity

ScienceDaily (Aug. 2, 2012) ? Last year, astronomers discovered a quiescent black hole in a distant galaxy that erupted after shredding and consuming a passing star. Now researchers have identified a distinctive X-ray signal observed in the days following the outburst that comes from matter on the verge of falling into the black hole.

This tell-tale signal, called a quasi-periodic oscillation or QPO, is a characteristic feature of the accretion disks that often surround the most compact objects in the universe -- white dwarf stars, neutron stars and black holes. QPOs have been seen in many stellar-mass black holes, and there is tantalizing evidence for them in a few black holes that may have middleweight masses between 100 and 100,000 times the sun's.

Until the new finding, QPOs had been detected around only one supermassive black hole -- the type containing millions of solar masses and located at the centers of galaxies. That object is the Seyfert-type galaxy REJ 1034+396, which at a distance of 576 million light-years lies relatively nearby.

"This discovery extends our reach to the innermost edge of a black hole located billions of light-years away, which is really amazing. This gives us an opportunity to explore the nature of black holes and test Einstein's relativity at a time when the universe was very different than it is today," said Rubens Reis, an Einstein Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor. Reis led the team that uncovered the QPO signal using data from the orbiting Suzaku and XMM-Newton X-ray telescopes, a finding described in a paper published August 2 in Science Express.

The X-ray source known as Swift J1644+57 -- after its astronomical coordinates in the constellation Draco -- was discovered on March 28, 2011, by NASA's Swift satellite. It was originally assumed to be a more common type of outburst called a gamma-ray burst, but its gradual fade-out matched nothing that had been seen before. Astronomers soon converged on the idea that what they were seeing was the aftermath of a truly extraordinary event -- the awakening of a distant galaxy's dormant black hole as it shredded and gobbled up a passing star. The galaxy is so far away that light from the event had to travel 3.9 billion years before reaching Earth.

The star experienced intense tides as it reached its closest point to the black hole and was quickly torn apart. Some of its gas fell toward the black hole and formed a disk around it. The innermost part of this disk was rapidly heated to temperatures of millions of degrees, hot enough to emit X-rays. At the same time, through processes still not fully understood, oppositely directed jets perpendicular to the disk formed near the black hole. These jets blasted matter outward at velocities greater than 90 percent the speed of light along the black hole's spin axis. One of these jets just happened to point straight at Earth.

Nine days after the outburst, Reis, Strohmayer and their colleagues observed Swift J1644+57 using Suzaku, an X-ray satellite operated by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency with NASA participation. About ten days later, they then began a longer monitoring campaign using the European Space Agency's XMM-Newton observatory.

"Because matter in the jet was moving so fast and was angled nearly into our line of sight, the effects of relativity boosted its X-ray signal enough that we could catch the QPO, which otherwise would be difficult to detect at so great a distance," said Tod Strohmayer, an astrophysicist and co-author of the study at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Md.

As hot gas in the innermost disk spirals toward a black hole, it reaches a point astronomers refer to as the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO). Any closer to the black hole and gas rapidly plunges into the event horizon, the point of no return. The inward spiraling gas tends to pile up around the ISCO, where it becomes tremendously heated and radiates a flood of X-rays. The brightness of these X-rays varies in a pattern that repeats at a nearly regular interval, creating the QPO signal.

The data show that Swift J1644+57's QPO cycled every 3.5 minutes, which places its source region between 2.2 and 5.8 million miles (4 to 9.3 million km) from the center of the black hole, the exact distance depending on how fast the black hole is rotating. To put this in perspective, the maximum distance is only about 6 times the diameter of our sun. The distance from the QPO region to the event horizon also depends on rotation speed, but for a black hole spinning at the maximum rate theory allows, the horizon is just inside the ISCO.

"QPOs send us information from the very brim of the black hole, which is where the effects of relativity become most extreme," Reis said. "The ability to gain insight into these processes over such a vast distance is a truly beautiful result and holds great promise."

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Story Source:

The above story is reprinted from materials provided by NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. R. C. Reis, J. M. Miller, M. T. Reynolds, K. G?ltekin, D. Maitra, A. L. King, and T. E. Strohmayer. A 200-Second Quasi-Periodicity After the Tidal Disruption of a Star by a Dormant Black Hole. Science, 2 August 2012 DOI: 10.1126/science.1223940

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/~3/-HnElRnGcPI/120802183954.htm

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Obama, Romney see what they want in jobs report

President Barack Obama talks abut taxes, Friday, August 3, 2012, in Eisenhower Executive Office Building on the White House campus in Washington. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)

President Barack Obama talks abut taxes, Friday, August 3, 2012, in Eisenhower Executive Office Building on the White House campus in Washington. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)

Republican presidential candidate, former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney speaks to reporters after he campaigned at McCandless Trucking in North Las Vegas, Nev., Friday, Aug. 3, 2012. (AP Photo/Charles Dharapak)

President Barack Obama talks abut taxes, Friday, August 3, 2012, in Eisenhower Executive Office Building on the White House campus in Washington. (AP Photo/J. Scott Applewhite)

President Barack Obama talks about taxes, Friday, Aug. 3, 2012, in the Old Executive Office building of the White House complex in Washington. (AP Photo/Pablo Martinez Monsivais)

Republican presidential candidate, former Massachusetts Gov. Mitt Romney campaigns at McCandless Trucking in North Las Vegas, Nev., Friday, Aug. 3, 2012. (AP Photo/Charles Dharapak)

WASHINGTON (AP) ? Sputtering along, the economy on Friday offered some hope but no illuminating help to voters who are mired in a weak jobs recovery and flooded with familiar promises from President Barack Obama and Republican Mitt Romney. The new employment snapshot seemed too mixed and middling to jolt a consistently close race.

Three months shy of Election Day, the latest numbers showed monthly job creation was higher than expected ? but unemployment rose, too. That gave each candidate political room to see only what he wanted, and to stick with the fundamental economic argument that he thinks will win the White House.

"It's another hammer blow to the struggling middle-class families of America," Romney said of the pace of job growth, assailing Obama's record from a Las Vegas trucking business. At the White House, Obama surrounding himself with some of those families, playing up 29 straight months that private employers have added jobs.

"Those are our neighbors and families finding work," Obama said. "But, let's acknowledge, we've still got too many folks out there who are looking for work."

Fittingly, the two men spoke over each other on television, holding events at the same time.

The economy is stuck, long removed from the days of implosion but not growing enough to reduce unemployment or make people feel better. No signs of help are coming from a gridlocked president and Congress, or from the Federal Reserve, or from U.S. allies with their own problems as the world economy suffers.

That means the economy voters have now may be the one they get when it's time to pick a president.

The bright spot: Employers added 163,000 jobs in July, more than double that of June. Yet the politically important unemployment rate rose to 8.3 percent, a notch above June's 8.2 percent.

Only three such tone-setting jobs reports remain before the election ? one in September the day after Obama speaks at the Democratic National Convention, one in October shortly after the two men debate on the economy, and one in November a mere four days before the election.

Whatever the monthly ups and downs, the big picture shows that the largest economy in the world has yet to take off: The 151,000 jobs added on average each month this year is almost the same monthly average as last year.

No economic recovery since World War II has been weaker than the current rebound from the recession that ended in June 2009.

A status-quo economy means the campaign arguments and strategies are not changing, either.

Obama and Romney will keep punching it out in largely negative advertising and personal appearances in about eight states expected to determine the outcome. Much of the rest of America will be left to give money, volunteer or watch from the sidelines.

Obama's locked-in message is about asking the nation's richest people to pay higher taxes, extending tax cuts for the middle class, and promising long-run economic growth by putting public money into education, energy and research. He has seized on a report that concluded Romney's plan would raise middle-class taxes.

Meanwhile, Romney's aides have long believed only a dramatic uptick in the economy could hurt his chances and force a broad change in messaging.

So one month of stronger-than-expected job growth did nothing to alter Romney's case that "America can do better." Capitalizing on an Obama vulnerability ? public disapproval of the president's handling of the economy ? Romney portrays himself as the change agent with the business background for the demands of the day.

He is promising to create 12 million jobs over four years, a pace that would demand nearly 90,000 more jobs every month than were created in July. Yet he has offered few specifics to back up that ambitious projection, outlining a broad economic agenda of trade, energy, and lower taxes, spending and regulation.

Obama used the new numbers to fuel his own narrative of an American economy headed in the right direction.

"We knew when I started in this job that this was going to take some time," Obama said. "We haven't had to come back from an economic crisis this deep or this painful since the 1930s. But we also knew that if we were persistent, if we kept at it and kept working, that we'd gradually get to where we need to be."

The economy lost 8.7 million jobs in the recession and its aftermath. Since then, it has regained 3.9 million.

The size of the hole, the slow climb out of it, and the broken politics of Washington have left a lot of the country weary. Even in an election driven by the economy, one Associated Press-GfK poll found that 60 percent of people said whoever wins the election will have slim-to-no impact on employment.

Romney and Obama are going after roughly 10 percent of the electorate that remains undecided in the presidential race.

Neither side contends the public is truly engaged in the race yet; August vacations and the Olympics have steered plenty of attention elsewhere. Yet the last month of summer will be busy, with Romney's choice of a vice presidential candidate coming soon, and the political conventions falling on either side of Labor Day.

Romney is set to campaign in Indiana Saturday, before spending two days in private at his New Hampshire summer home. He is expected to campaign in Iowa and Ohio in the following days before starting a bus tour targeting Virginia, North Carolina and Florida.

Obama, who celebrates his 51st birthday on Saturday, will spend much of the weekend at the presidential retreat at Camp David, Md. He will raise money in Connecticut on Monday before launching into a stretch of campaign travel in Colorado and Iowa, with fundraising in his hometown of Chicago tucked in between.

__

Associated Press writers Steve Peoples in Reno, Nev., and Christopher S. Rugaber, Paul Wiseman, Julie Pace and David Espo in Washington contributed to this report.

__

Follow Ben Feller at http://twitter.com/BenFellerDC

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/386c25518f464186bf7a2ac026580ce7/Article_2012-08-03-Presidential%20Campaign/id-92796c4c54c148548bb85e87e4f534e3

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India plans space mission to send a satellite to Mars

NEW DELHI (Reuters) - India plans to send a satellite via an unmanned spacecraft to orbit Mars next year, joining a small group of nations already exploring the red planet, a government scientist said on Friday.

A rocket will blast off from the southeastern coast of India, dropping the satellite into deep space, which will then travel onto Mars to achieve orbit, the senior scientist said, asking not to be named because the project is awaiting final approval.

A spokesman for the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) based in the southern city of Bangalore would not confirm the mission, but commented generally on the ambitions of India's space program.

"After the Moon, worldwide attention is now focused on finding out if there (are) habitable spots on Mars," ISRO's Deviprasad Karnik said.

ISRO scientists expect the satellite to orbit at less than 100 km (62 miles) above Mars.

India's federal cabinet is expected soon to clear the mission, according to media reports this week that said the program will cost about $80 million.

The plan has drawn criticism in a country suffering from high levels of malnutrition and power shortages. But India has long argued that technology developed in its space program has practical applications to everyday life.

India's space exploration program began in 1962. Four years ago, its Chandrayaan satellite found evidence of water on the moon. India is now looking at landing a wheeled rover on the Moon in 2014.

Separately, the United States expects to land NASA's $2.5 billion Mars Science Laboratory vehicle at 1:31 a.m. EDT on Monday (0031 EDT) next to a mountain that may harbor life-friendly environments.

Last year, a Chinese Russian probe failed in a bid to send a satellite to Mars.

(Editing by Frank Jack Daniel and Ed Lane)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/india-plans-space-mission-send-satellite-mars-132934633.html

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Ann Romney 'thrilled to death' by horse's test

LONDON (AP) ? Ann Romney, the wife of the U.S. Republican presidential candidate, says she was "thrilled do death" by the performance her horse Rafalca turned in at the Olympics dressage competition.

Romney, who is part-owner of Rafalca, tells The Associated Press: "She was consistent and elegant. She did not disappoint. She thrilled me to death."

The 15-year-old, German-bred mare has been the source of political jokes and Democratic ads questioning how the Republican presidential candidate can presume to know the problems of ordinary Americans when he inhabits the rarefied world of dressage.

Ann Romney watched Rafalca and rider Jan Ebeling bring in a score of 70.213 Thursday.

She rides as part of her therapy for multiple sclerosis.

THIS IS A BREAKING NEWS UPDATE. Check back soon for further information. AP's earlier story is below.

LONDON (AP) ? The U.S. presidential campaign and the equestrian sport of dressage crossed paths at Greenwich Park on Thursday with the start of competition and the Olympic debut of a horse named Rafalca.

The 15-year-old, German-bred mare is part-owned by Mitt Romney's wife, and has been the source of political jokes and Democratic ads questioning how the Republican presidential candidate can presume to know the problems of ordinary Americans when he inhabits the rarefied world of dressage.

Ann Romney was in the VIP section of the Greenwich Park stadium for Rafalca's Grand Prix dressage test Thursday, watching literally from the edge of her seat as the mare completed the 7-minute test. At the end, she gave horse and rider Jan Ebeling a standing ovation and a wave. Their score of 70.213 put them in provisional fourth place, though the bulk of riders still had yet to compete.

The stadium was nearly full.

"She felt really strong and is peaking at the right time," Ebeling said afterward. "She was amped up, a little stronger than usual. She had more oomph. The trick is to manage that."

He said he hadn't spoken to Mrs. Romney before the competition ? he never does ? but said her final words of advice were to "Do what you know (how) to do, and do what you do best."

"It was a good score. Overall it was great," he said.

Mitt Romney unleashed a torrent of criticism in the British media recently when, shortly after arriving for the Olympics' opening ceremony, he said the problems facing Olympic organizers were "disconcerting." It was the first of several gaffes that followed during campaign-style visits to Israel and Poland that were supposed to show off his foreign policy chops.

Rafalca's turn in the equestrian arena turned an Olympic spotlight on another issue facing Romney: his vast personal wealth during tough economic times in the United States. He is worth as much as $250 million.

His wife's financial interest in Rafalca, a bay Oldenburg, has fed criticism that Romney is out of touch with the concerns of more modest-income voters. A topflight dressage horse can cost more than six figures. Upkeep runs a few thousand dollars a month and transport and competition fees cost tens of thousands. The Romneys own several horses; Ann Romney rides as part of her therapy for multiple sclerosis.

A campaign spokeswoman said Mrs. Romney's schedule in London was too busy for her to comment.

The sport, better known in Europe than the U.S., is the equine equivalent of ballet. A rider, clad in top hat and tails, takes the horse through a series of steps that look like the horse is dancing: twirling pirouettes, prancing trots and the crowd-pleasing "flying change," which looks like the horse is skipping.

The Romneys' interest in dressage ? financial and otherwise ? has furthered the impression that the sport is a pastime of the monied 1 percent. It has inspired several episodes of political satirist Stephen Colbert's "The Colbert Report," with one aired this week in which Colbert ? dressed like Roy Rogers ? takes a dressage lesson from Michael Barisone, the U.S. dressage team's reserve rider in the 2008 Olympics.

"Dressage is the new American pastime!" Colbert declared.

In his first riff on the sport, Colbert produced a red foam finger in a bid to show more blue-collar support for its competitors. The U.S. Equestrian Federation seized on the moment and created a few hundred "Dressage is No. 1" red foam fingers for use at the Olympic trials that secured the Romney mare a spot in London. Ann Romney waved one herself, though there was no evidence of the red foam finger on Thursday.

She has shown similar good humor in laughing off a Democratic National Committee web ad, since pulled, that mockingly used footage of one of her show horses.

Out at Greenwich Park, such jokes were far from the minds of the U.S. dressage team, which has a shot at the bronze team medal. Germany and Britain are favored for the top medals.

"All of our horses are peaking at the right time," said U.S. team member Tina Konyot, who was riding Calecto V. "The other competitors are watching us."

Rafalca's rider, Ebeling, welcomed the attention, negative or not, that the Romneys' stake in the horse has given the sport, saying it's a chance to show that dressage isn't about millionaires but hard work.

"I think the biggest misconception is always that people think that you just sit on a horse and they just kind of trot around in circles," he said. "That really is not the case."

A typical dressage horse requires up to a decade of training to compete at Olympic levels. Horse and rider work very much as a team, with the rider giving the horse invisible cues through subtle leg, hand and seat shifts. The horse is judged from 0-10 on executing a standard test of 33 movements that include:

?PASSAGE: a prancing, high-striding step

?PIAFFE: a passage done in place

?HALF-PASS: where the horse moves forward and sideways at the same time by crossing over its legs

?PIROUETTE: where the horse completes a full circle in place while cantering

?FLYING CHANGE: where the horse changes the sequence of its steps

And while horse owners may need deep pockets to maintain their dancing breeds, the riders very often come from more modest means. Konyot, for example, grew up in a family of circus performers: Her father trained circus horses and her mother was a tightrope walker. Ebeling himself emigrated from Germany in 1984 hoping to find greater financial and professional opportunities in the U.S. than he could at home.

That said, the sport does have an aristocratic background. Dating from ancient Greece, dressage was revived in European royal courts during the Renaissance as an art form. The creation of the Spanish Riding School in Vienna in 1729 eventually brought its renown outside Europe.

The school's famous Lipizzaner stallions are still performing classical dressage in exhibition tours today. In the 19th century, dressage became essential to the training of cavalry officers who then started competing as another part of their training ? competition that evolved into an Olympic sport in 1912.

The seven highest scoring teams from Thursday's Grand Prix advance to a second, harder test called the Grand Prix Special on Aug. 7. The 18 highest-scoring individual riders then perform a freestyle set to music to determine individual medal scores. That competition is Aug. 9.

Ebeling, who became a U.S. citizen in 1998, said the Romneys have been great supporters of the sport and have helped boost its visibility.

"I really welcome the attention," he said. "It's given us a fantastic opportunity to have our sport ? have visibility in our sport ? and show what we're really about, show that it is an Olympic discipline and show people how much we work to get there."

___

Associated Press writer Margaret Freeman contributed.

___

Follow Nicole Winfield at www.twitter.com/nwinfield

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/ann-romney-thrilled-death-horses-test-124032550--oly.html

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Alzheimer's Progression Slower After 80: Study

THURSDAY, Aug. 2 (HealthDay News) -- The deadly march of Alzheimer's disease is slower in people aged 80 or older than the younger elderly, researchers have found.

The risk of developing Alzheimer's disease increases with age, and by 85, the risk is about 50 percent. But those who develop the progressive brain disorder that late in life will experience a less aggressive disease than those whose symptoms appear at 60 or 70 years, according to investigators at the University of California, San Diego.

Lead researcher Dominic Holland from the university's neurosciences department said doctors will need to consider these findings when assessing older patients for Alzheimer's disease.

"Methods for early detection, which will rely on biomarkers as well as mental ability, will need to take into account the age of the individuals being assessed," he said. Because the "old" elderly may deteriorate at a slower pace than younger patients, doctors may not realize these people are suffering from Alzheimer's disease.

The findings also have implications for clinical trials evaluating potential Alzheimer's treatments and cost-of-care projections for different Alzheimer's patients, Holland and other experts say.

Currently, no effective treatments exist to slow or cure Alzheimer's disease, which gradually destroys brain cells and robs people of memory, and their ability to communicate and carry out everyday tasks.

The report was published Aug. 2 in the online journal PLoS One.

To study Alzheimer's disease progression, Holland and colleagues used data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative study. They looked at more than 700 people aged 65 to 90, some with normal mental functioning, some with mild signs of dementia and others suffering from Alzheimer's.

Participants were tested every 6 or 12 months.

The researchers found that younger Alzheimer's patients lost their mental abilities faster than older patients.

These declines among younger patients paralleled the accelerated rate of brain tissue loss and the increase in a spinal-fluid indicator of Alzheimer's seen among the younger age group, compared with older patients, the study authors added.

The researchers aren't sure why Alzheimer's is more aggressive in younger patients. One explanation might be that the older patients have been declining at that slower rate over a longer time, with some unknown factor keeping symptoms at bay, they suggest.

Another possibility is that the older patients have dementia plus Alzheimer's, which might stall the full effect of Alzheimer's on the brain. But such a diagnosis must be made with an autopsy, which is the only way Alzheimer's is accurately diagnosed, Holland noted.

Alzheimer's disease currently affects an estimated 5.6 million Americans, and that number is expected to triple by 2050 as the baby boom generation ages.

The finding that the earlier one develops the disease, the more aggressive it is isn't good news for those younger elderly patients who will suffer the worsening loss of their mental abilities for a long time, Holland said.

Another expert said the findings may affect both health cost projections and clinical trials.

"This is an extremely important paper with implications for both the projections of cost of care for Alzheimer's disease and for planning clinical trials," said Dr. Sam Gandy, associate director of the Mount Sinai Alzheimer's Disease Research Center at the Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City.

If the clinical picture in the over-85 population is milder than what is typical in younger populations, those older patients would remain independent longer, and the projections for the economic burden to the health care system should be adjusted, he said.

"The annual cost now is $200 billion in the U.S.; the projection is $1 trillion annually by 2050," Gandy said.

"Maybe that $1 trillion is really only $500 to $750 billion. Still catastrophic, but it is worth considering this in projection," he added.

Equally important, if the rate of decline is slower in 85-year-olds than in 65-year-olds, that must be taken into account when recruiting for clinical trials, Gandy said.

For example, if all the patients receiving a drug were over 85 and all the patients receiving an inactive placebo were much younger, it might appear the drug was working when, in fact, the populations were improperly matched, Gandy pointed out.

"We have known that we wanted populations to be as identical as possible, but we didn't really know of this specific phenomenon before," he said.

More information

For more information on Alzheimer's disease, visit the Alzheimer's Association.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/alzheimers-progression-slower-80-study-210609159.html

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Aerial photos reveal dynamic Greenland ice sheet: Ice sheet has recently retreated then restabilized

ScienceDaily (Aug. 2, 2012) ? Despite the current and rapid melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet, it remains far from certain just when we will have reached a point when scientists will be able to predict its disappearance. Recent research conducted by the University of Copenhagen in conjunction with the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) and the Danish National Survey and Cadastre (KMS) in collaboration with an international team of scientists reports that this is not the first time in recent history that the ice sheet has been in retreat and then stabilised again.

The researchers' results have just been published in Science.

Describing the findings, University of Copenhagen Associate Professor Kurt H. Kj?r at Professor Eske Willerslevs Centre for GeoGenetics at the Natural History Museum of Denmark asserts:

"That air temperatures have increased and melting has intensified is relatively well-understood. On the other hand, the UN's climate panel, the IPCC, has for many years called for greater knowledge in relation to the other major effect on the Greenland Ice Sheet -- the 'thinning of the ice sheet' which is the effect of the largest glaciers in Greenland flowing faster into the ocean than previously measured. Over the past three years a number of scientific articles have addressed the issue and pointed to a sea-level rise of one metre or more. These reports presuppose that the melting will accelerate to the same degree as during the past decade. This is a question to which we have been able to provide a qualified answer. It turns out that the ice sheet, in relation to this point, behaves more dynamically and is able to more quickly stabilise itself in comparison to what many other models and computer calculations otherwise predict."

Denmark under water

No less than 240 billion tons of fresh water escape their solid state within the Greenland Ice Sheet and runoff or discharge as icebergs into the world's oceans each year. This amount corresponds to a 5.6 meter annual rise in water level if distributed over the surface area of Denmark, an area of approximately 43,000 km2.

Current melting attributable to global warming is so great that some experts warn that we are headed towards an irreversible "tipping point" -- a point at which the global climate is permanently transformed, a point at which low-lying cities and coastal zones around the world will be seriously threatened in 100 years time.

As recently as one year ago this scenario was presented in Copenhagen at a scientific conference organised by the Arctic Council, the University of Copenhagen and Aarhus University, a conference involving over 400 climate researchers from 20 countries.

A problem to be taken more than seriously

Among the somber tones and gloomier outlooks, the recent research findings out of the University of Copenhagen and the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) in conjunction with an international team of researchers, show that the Greenland Ice Sheet is more robust than researchers have otherwise been able to predict using models and computer-based calculations.

The new research findings were obtained by combining contemporary satellite data with old aerial photographs of the ice sheet in northwestern Greenland, one of two hotspots for ice sheet thinning and heavy glacial melt runoff.

Senior researcher Shfaqat Abbas Khan of the Technical University of Denmark (DTU) says of the research results: "We've used a combination of old aerial photographs from the 80's to construct a digital elevation map and recent satellite data. In this way we've been able to gain an overview of the thinning of the ice sheet over the last 30 years in northwestern Greenland. We are the first who have been able to show that the Greenland Ice Sheet was on as a dramatic diet at the end of the 80's as it is today. On the positive side our results show that despite a significant thinning in peripheral regions from 1985-1992; the thinning slowed and then died out."

Old photos

Associate Professor Kurt H. Kj?r of the University of Copenhagen had the idea to create new and comparable elevation models of the ice sheet along a 700 km long stretch of the northwestern Greenland coast using the old photos. This provided researchers with a relatively simple way of revealing more of the ice sheet's secrets in comparison to other new methods.

Kurt H. Kj?r says: "Our results show that the thinning of the ice sheet at the end of the 80's and beginning of the 90's eased over a 4-8 year period, after which a period of stability occurred until 2003. Our conclusion is therefore, that if we judged against longer periods of time, the current thinning of the ice sheet is likely to ease within an 8-year period."

"These variations in the amount of thinning that we are able to document since the 80's make it difficult to predict how much the world's oceans will rise over a longer period of time -- a century for instance -- as a result of Greenland glacial melt-water runoff. However, it is certain that many of the present calculations and computer models of ice sheet conditions that built upon a short range of years since 2000 must be reassessed. It is too early to proclaim the 'ice sheet's future doom' and subsequent contribution to serious water problems for the world. In this context it should be mentioned that the Greenland bedrock rises as the ice sheet in the peripheral regions and especially near the coast is in retreat and becoming thinner. This highlights the enormous forces that are at play in Greenland and of how difficult it is to predict what it means for Greenland as well as the rest of the world," says Associate Professor Kurt H. Kj?r of the Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen.

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Copenhagen.

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Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_science/~3/uiT7tiVma-4/120802141523.htm

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