Rethinking reading instruction

ScienceDaily (Nov. 1, 2012) ? Many educators have long believed that when words differ on only one sound, early readers can learn the rules of phonics by focusing on what is different between the words. This is thought to be a critical gateway to reading words and sentences.

But scientists at the University of Iowa are turning that thinking on its head. A recent study published in Developmental Psychology shows certain kinds of variation in words may help early readers learn better. When children see the same phonics regularities, embedded in words with more variation, they may learn these crucial early reading skills better. What might appear to make learning a more difficult task -- learning about letter-sound relationships from words with more variation -- actually leads to better learning.

Doctoral student Keith Apfelbaum and associate professors Bob McMurray and Eliot Hazeltine of the Department of Psychology in the UI College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (CLAS) studied 224 first-grade students in the West Des Moines, Iowa school system over a period of three months. The group used a version of an online supplementary curriculum called Access Code.

Access Code was developed by Foundations in Learning, a company founded by Carolyn Brown and Jerry Zimmermann. Brown and Zimmermann earned their doctorates from and are now adjunct faculty in the Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, also in CLAS. Based on the Varied Practice Model, which helps children master early reading skills like phonics, the research team used Access Code to conduct the study directly in the classroom.

During the study, one group of students learned using lists of words with a small, less variable set of consonants, such as maid, mad, paid, and pad. This is close to traditional phonics instruction, which uses similar words to help illustrate the rules and, presumably, simplify the problem for learners. A second group of students learned using a list of words that was more variable, such as bait, sad, hair, and gap, but which embodied the same rules.

After three or four days of training on phonics skills, partaking in activities such as spelling and matching letters, the students from both groups were tested to see if they could read words that they had never seen before, read novel non-words, and apply their newly-learned skills to tasks they hadn't done before.

"We were interested in not just whether they could do exactly what we were teaching, but whether they could learn something more robust that would enable them to apply what they had learned to new tasks and new words," McMurray says. "Critically, we wanted to know if variability or similarity would impact this ability to learn and generalize."

Results surprised even the research team.

"We were expecting a very subtle effect, maybe similar words would help students learn the words they were trained on but maybe not generalize as well, or maybe similar words would help them learn the more difficult rules but variability might work for the easier ones, but in no case was similarity helpful," McMurray says. "This suggests a powerful principle of learning. While we've known about this in a variety of laboratory tasks for a while, this study shows for the first time that this principle also applies to early reading skills."

Overall, variation led to much better learning. Students experiencing more variation in words showed better learning when tested on the words and tasks they encountered in training. More importantly, it helped them generalize these new skills to new words, and to new tasks.

"Variability was good for the low-performing students, it was good for the high-performing students. It was good for the boys, it was good for the girls. It was good for the words, it was good for the non-words," Apfelbaum says. "Among the students who struggled the most, the kids who weren't exposed to variation didn't show any learning at all, while the kids who were exposed to variation did."

Robert Davis, an educator for 36 years and principal of Hillside Elementary, which was one of the schools that participated in the study, says he is eager to work with his teachers on ways to apply varied practice to the classroom.

"If we really look at what happened with the research, there is a multitude of applications that could go forward with this," Davis says. "We could certainly look at varied practice as a method for learning new vocabulary, as a new method for learning basic math facts, maybe even something involved with music. As educators, we need to figure out how to take that model and apply it to the umbrella of learning for a variety of things that kids struggle with."

Brown, whose research has focused on child development, language acquisition, and reading for more than three decades, says she looks forward to continued collaboration with the UI research team.

"We hope this collaboration is only the beginning to bringing the science of learning to the art of teaching children to read," Brown says. "We have missed many children because reading pedagogy has been driven by systems of belief in how reading should be taught rather than by how children learn. The importance of variation in this process will be a surprise to many educators and a help to many children."

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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by University of Iowa. The original article was written by Kelli Andresen.

Note: Materials may be edited for content and length. For further information, please contact the source cited above.


Journal Reference:

  1. Keith S. Apfelbaum, Eliot Hazeltine, Bob McMurray. Statistical Learning in Reading: Variability in Irrelevant Letters Helps Children Learn Phonics Skills.. Developmental Psychology, 2012; DOI: 10.1037/a0029839

Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.

Disclaimer: This article is not intended to provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. Views expressed here do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.

Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/~3/FXbyYhrz52g/121101141119.htm

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Sandy's death toll climbs; millions without power

NEW YORK (AP) ? Millions of people from Maine to the Carolinas awoke Tuesday without electricity, and an eerily quiet New York City was all but closed off by car, train and air as superstorm Sandy steamed inland, still delivering punishing wind and rain. The U.S. death toll climbed to 34, many of the victims killed by falling trees.

The full extent of the damage in New Jersey, where the storm roared ashore Monday night with hurricane force, was unclear. Police and fire officials, some with their own departments flooded, fanned out to rescue hundreds.

"We are in the midst of urban search and rescue. Our teams are moving as fast as they can," Gov. Chris Christie said. "The devastation on the Jersey Shore is some of the worst we've ever seen. The cost of the storm is incalculable at this point."

More than 8.2 million people across the East were without power. Airlines canceled more than 15,000 flights around the world, and it could be days before the mess is untangled and passengers can get where they're going.

The storm also disrupted the presidential campaign with just a week to go before Election Day.

President Barack Obama canceled a third straight day of campaigning, scratching events scheduled for Wednesday in swing state Ohio, which got clobbered by Sandy's winds as the storm pushed west. Republican Mitt Romney resumed his campaign, but with plans to turn a political rally in Ohio into a "storm relief event."

Lower Manhattan, which includes Wall Street, was among the hardest-hit areas after the storm sent a nearly 14-foot surge of seawater, a record, coursing over its seawalls and highways and into low-lying streets.

Water cascaded into the gaping, unfinished construction pit at the World Trade Center, and the New York Stock Exchange was closed for a second day, the first time that has happened because of weather in more than a century.

A huge fire destroyed as many as 100 houses in a flooded beachfront neighborhood in Queens on Tuesday, forcing firefighters to undertake daring rescues. Three people were injured.

A downtown hospital, New York University's Tisch, evacuated 200 patients after its backup generator failed. About 20 babies from the neonatal intensive care unit were carried down staircases and on battery-powered respirators.

And a construction crane that collapsed in the high winds on Monday still dangled precariously 74 floors above the streets of midtown Manhattan. And on Staten Island, a tanker ship wound up beached on the shore.

With water standing in two major commuter tunnels and seven subway tunnels under the East River, and Mayor Michael Bloomberg said it was unclear when the nation's largest transit system would be rolling again. It shut down Sunday night ahead of the storm.

Joseph Lhota, chairman of the regional Metropolitan Transportation Authority, said the damage was the worst in the 108-year history of the New York subway.

The saltwater surge inundated subway signals, switches and electrified third rails and covered tracks with sludge. Workers began pumping the water out and will ultimately have to walk all of the hundreds of miles of track to inspect it.

Millions of more fortunate New Yorkers surveyed damage as dawn broke, their city brought to an extraordinary standstill.

"Oh, Jesus. Oh, no," Faye Schwartz said she looked over damage in neighborhood in Brooklyn, where cars were scattered like leaves.

Reggie Thomas, a maintenance supervisor at a prison near the overflowing Hudson River, emerged from an overnight shift there, a toothbrush in his front pocket, to find his Honda with its windows down and a foot of water inside. The windows automatically go down when the car is submerged to free drivers.

"It's totaled," Thomas said with a shrug. "You would have needed a boat last night."

Besides the subway and the stock exchange, most major tunnels and bridges in New York were closed, as were schools, Broadway theaters and the metropolitan area's three main airports, LaGuardia, Kennedy and Newark.

"This will be one for the record books," said John Miksad, senior vice president for electric operations at Consolidated Edison, which had more than 670,000 customers without power in and around New York City.

The death toll climbed rapidly, and included 17 victims in New York State ? 10 of them in New York City ? along with five dead in Pennsylvania and three in New Jersey. Sandy also killed 69 people in the Caribbean before making its way up the Eastern Seaboard.

In New Jersey, Sandy destroyed several blocks of Atlantic City's world-famous boardwalk and wrecked several other boardwalks up and down the coast. A Seaside Heights roller coaster was left partially submerged in the ocean.

A huge swell of water swept over the small New Jersey town of Moonachie, near the Hackensack River, and authorities struggled to rescue about 800 people, some of them living in a trailer park.

And in neighboring Little Ferry, water suddenly started gushing out of storm drains overnight, submerging a road under 4 feet of water and swamping houses.

Police and fire officials used boats and trucks to reach the stranded.

"I looked out and the next thing you know, the water just came up through the grates. It came up so quickly you couldn't do anything about it. If you wanted to move your car to higher ground you didn't have enough time," said Little Ferry resident Leo Quigley, who with his wife was taken to higher ground by boat.

Jersey City was closed to cars because traffic lights were out, and Hoboken, just over the Hudson River from Manhattan, dealt with major flooding.

Remnants of the hurricane were forecast to head across Pennsylvania before taking another sharp turn into western New York by Wednesday morning. Although weakening as it goes, the storm will continue to bring heavy rain and flooding, said Daniel Brown of the National Hurricane Center in Miami.

As Hurricane Sandy closed in on the Northeast, it converged with a cold-weather system that turned it into a monstrous hybrid of rain, high wind ? and even snow in West Virginia and other mountainous areas inland.

In a measure of how big the storm was, high winds spinning off the edge of Sandy clobbered the Cleveland area early Tuesday, uprooting trees, cutting power to hundreds of thousands, closing schools and flooding major roads along Lake Erie.

Hundreds of miles from the storm's center, gusts topping 60 mph prompted officials to close the port of Portland, Maine, and scared away several cruise ships.

Just before it made landfall at 8 p.m. near Atlantic City, N.J., forecasters stripped Sandy of hurricane status, but the distinction was purely technical, based on its shape and internal temperature.

While the hurricane's 80 mph winds registered as only a Category 1 on a scale of five, it packed the lowest barometric pressure on record in the Northeast, giving it terrific energy to push water inland.

Obama declared a major disaster in the city and Long Island.

In New York, the construction crane atop a 1,000-foot, $1.5 billion luxury high-rise in midtown Manhattan dangled for a second day while authorities tried to figure out how to secure it. Thousands were ordered to leave nearby buildings as a precaution, including 900 guests at the ultramodern Le Parker Meridien hotel.

Alice Goldberg, 15, a tourist from Paris, was watching television in the hotel ? whose slogan is "Uptown, Not Uptight" ? when a voice came over the loudspeaker and told everyone to leave.

"They said to take only what we needed, and leave the rest, because we'll come back in two or three days," she said as she and hundreds of others gathered in the luggage-strewn marble lobby. "I hope so."

An explosion Monday night at a substation for Consolidated Edison, the main utility service New York City, knocked out power to about 310,000 customers in Manhattan.

"It sounded like the Fourth of July," Stephen Weisbrot said from his 10th-floor apartment.

In Baltimore, fire officials said four unoccupied rowhouses collapsed in the storm, sending debris into the street but causing no injuries. A blizzard in western Maryland caused a pileup of tractor-trailers that blocked part of Interstate 68 on slippery Big Savage Mountain.

"It's like a long-tailed cat in a room full of rocking chairs up here," said Bill Wiltson, a Maryland State Police dispatcher.

___

Hays reported from New York and Breed reported from Raleigh, N.C.; AP Science Writer Seth Borenstein contributed to this report from Washington. Associated Press writers David Dishneau in Delaware City, Del., Katie Zezima in Atlantic City, Emery P. Dalesio in Elizabeth City, N.C., and Erika Niedowski in Cranston, R.I., also contributed.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/sandys-death-toll-climbs-millions-without-power-155442547--finance.html

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Click-Through Nexus & The Law of Unintended Consequences ...

Various states have passed click-through nexus rules in an attempt to require otherwise out-of-state retailers to collect and remit sales tax from their in-state customers.

Click-through nexus occurs when an in-state business solicits an Internet sale on behalf of an out-of-state business in exchange for some type of compensation or commission.? The states? reasoning is that the sale would not have been possible without the effort of the in-state business soliciting on behalf of the out-of-state business.? The sales tax nexus of the in-state business transfers to the out-of-state business via the click-through.

As an example, an e-tailer wants to sell their home d?cor items so they engage an online magazine that focuses on home decorating.? This online magazine has a physical presence in New York while the e-tailer is based in California.? The online magazine places ads for the e-tailer in their online magazine with a link to the e-tailer?s website.? When the reader clicks through the ad and makes a purchase with the e-tailer, the online magazine receives a commission.? This relationship between the e-tailer and the online magazine creates click-through nexus.? As a result, the e-tailer now has a presence in New York and is required to collect and remit New York sales tax not only on this one particular transaction, but all transactions in New York.

On the surface, click-through nexus seems to close a widening gap between sales tax collected at traditional retail purchases and purchases made online.? However, there are problems with click-through nexus.

States including Rhode Island, Illinois, and North Carolina have not seen the positive impact they expected.? The reason is two-fold: (1) Some e-tailers have eliminated their affiliate programs.? As a result, the click-through nexus rules do not apply and the e-tailer has no connection with the state and therefore no requirement to collect or remit sales tax; and (2) When the affiliate programs are dropped by the e-tailer, the revenue associated with commissions from the e-tailers has dropped accordingly thus reducing income and the amount of income tax paid by the in-state businesses.? This is a good example of the law of unintended consequences.

While click-through nexus has not been the panacea that states hoped for, it has elevated the conversation and brought awareness to a topic that will certainly be addressed in the coming years.

If you are interested in adding to that ?conversation? ? please feel free to?post your comments (or questions)?below.? And if you want to stay on top of this issue ??subscribe to the SalesTaxSupport.com blog by using the orange RSS ?Subscribe? box above.

Source: http://www.salestaxsupport.com/blogs/sales-use-tax/sales-tax-nexus/click-through-nexus-consequences/

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Bloomberg PAC makes biggest buy yet - in Florida

WASHINGTON (AP) ? New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg's political committee is making its biggest expenditure to date in this year's congressional campaigns, spending $1.1 million for TV ads opposing the re-election of a freshman Florida Republican from the Orlando area.

The ad attacks Rep. Daniel Webster for being "a professional politician" and supports his Democratic challenger, Val Demings, Orlando's former police chief. He credits her for getting "guns off our streets" ? a top issue for Bloomberg.

A spokesman for Bloomberg's Independence USA PAC, Josh Isay, says the political action committee anticipates spending $10 million to $15 million of the wealthy mayor's money in this year's elections.

Federal reports that the committee has filed indicate it had previously spent around $1.4 million, divided between Democrats and Republicans. Bloomberg is an independent.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/bloomberg-pac-makes-biggest-buy-yet-florida-225602001--election.html

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UV exposure isn't the only worry for red-heads

BAD news for fair-skinned red-heads: wearing a hat and sunblock and sitting in the shade won't necessarily protect you from skin cancer. Studies in animals suggest the risk remains regardless of exposure to ultraviolet light.

David Fisher at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston and colleagues introduced a gene linked with melanoma - the most dangerous form of skin cancer - into mice engineered to be albino, or to have either red or black hair.

The team had planned to study the incidence of melanoma after exposure to UV light - known to be particularly damaging to the fair skin that often accompanies red hair. But before they could start, the red-haired mice developed tumours. "It was a big surprise," says Fisher.

To test whether it was the gene, which gives both mice and humans red hair, or the red pigment itself that was involved, the team created albino-red hair hybrids: mice with an gene but whose hair was white. Hybrid mice were protected from melanoma, says Fisher, indicating that the pigment itself plays a role.

"Red pigment has a capacity to cause oxidative stress," he says, which might lead to genetic mutations (Nature, DOI: 10.1038/nature11624). Discovering the mechanisms involved may lead to protective strategies that go beyond shielding the skin from UV, Fisher adds.

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US seeks Algeria's support in possible Mali move

ALGEIRS, Algeria (AP) ? Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton on Monday sought Algeria's assistance for any future military intervention in Mali, pressing North Africa's most stable nation to provide intelligence ? if not boots on the ground ? to help rout the al-Qaida-linked militants across its southern border.

Clinton, on the first stop of a five-day trip overseas, met with Algerian President Abdelaziz Bouteflika as the United States and its allies ramp up preparations to fight northern Mali's breakaway Islamist republic.

The plan would see Mali's embattled government in the south and its West African neighbors taking the military lead, with the United States and European countries in support.

Washington is keen to eliminate the north as a haven for al-Qaida in the Islamic Maghreb, which may have been involved in September's attack on the U.S. Consulate in Benghazi. And its growing concern has been reflected even in the election campaign, with Republican challenger Mitt Romney citing the remote African country's instability early in this month's foreign policy debate with President Barack Obama.

When Mali's democratically elected leader was ousted in a military coup in March, Tuareg rebels seized on the power vacuum and within weeks took control of the north, aided by an Islamist faction. The Islamists then quickly ousted the Tuaregs and took control of half the country.

As further evidence of the U.S. intensifying its diplomatic work in Mali, Maria Otero, an under secretary of state for civilian security, democracy and human rights was to travel to Mali on Monday. She is the highest ranking Obama administration official to visit since the coup. She'll meet with Mali's prime minister, human rights activists and internal refugees over four days of meetings.

Any military intervention would likely require Algeria, whose reforms have headed off the Arab Spring tumult experienced by neighbors such as Libya and Tunisia and left it with the strongest military and best intelligence in the region. Algeria is warming to the idea of an intervention, U.S. officials say, but more talks are needed.

The 15-nation West African regional bloc, the Economic Community of West African States, or ECOWAS, has discussed sending 3,000 troops to help oust the Islamist militants from the north. Many, though, question how Mali's weak military could take the lead on such an intervention and analysts believe more ECOWAS soldiers would be needed to take and hold the France-sized area of desert now controlled by the militants.

While the U.S. wants to see the rebels routed, it has no interest in active involvement in the military mission, unless Mali and West African states explicitly ask for such assistance, a senior American diplomat in Africa said. That leaves the U.S. only able to nudge its regional partners to coordinate on a plan, said the official, who demanded anonymity because he wasn't authorized to speak publicly on the matter.

Earlier this month, the U.N. Security Council unanimously approved the idea of an African-led military force to help the Malian army oust Islamic militants. But its details are still unclear. American and European officials are waiting on the Malians and their West African neighbors to come forward with the final plan.

From Algeria, Clinton leaves for three days of talks in the Balkans. She'll join the European Union's top diplomat in meetings with the leaders of Bosnia, Serbia and Kosovo, urging those nations to make the necessary reforms to join the EU and NATO. She'll finish with meetings in Croatia and Albania, NATO's two newest members.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/us-seeks-algerias-support-possible-mali-move-124113234.html

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AirBot and WaterBot help localize pollution data collection (video)

AirBot and WaterBot help localize pollution data collection video

Want to do something about pollution in our water and air? Carnegie Mellon's CREATE Lab is working on a few interesting solutions to the problem of localizing pollution data with a trio of devices aimed at making the process accessible and affordable for regular people. First up is AirBot, a "particle counting robot" that monitors pollutants that can contribute to breathing problems like asthma. Aimed at a $99 price point, the little black boxes are portable enough to bring around with you, so you can, say, compare the air quality in areas when apartment hunting. The lab has made six prototype devices (one of which was on-hand during our visit), and is aiming to bring them to market next year.

WaterBot, meanwhile, is set to bring the solution to streams near you. Stick one end in a body of water near your home and it will upload water purity information to the web via a built-in ZigBee module. CREATE's also cooked up the CATTFish, a method for recording such information in your home via, yes, your toilet. Dip one end in the reservoir and the box on top of the tank, and it will give you a reading of the cleanliness of the water being used to refill. That information can then be uploaded to the web via a USB port. The lab is shooting for a $50 price tag on the device.

The big thing here is the ability to let the community take its own readings to build a bigger picture of water and are purity levels through online applications. More information on all of the above devices can be found in the video below.

Continue reading AirBot and WaterBot help localize pollution data collection (video)

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Source: http://www.engadget.com/2012/10/25/airbot-and-waterbot-help-localize-pollution-data-collection-vid/

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Samsung logs record high profit in 3Q

Attendees try out the new Samsung Galaxy Note II during a launch event, Wednesday, Oct. 24, 2012, in New York. Aside from the 5.5 inch screen, the Note comes with a stylus and runs the latest version of Google's Android operating system, Jelly Bean. (AP Photo/Jason DeCrow)

Attendees try out the new Samsung Galaxy Note II during a launch event, Wednesday, Oct. 24, 2012, in New York. Aside from the 5.5 inch screen, the Note comes with a stylus and runs the latest version of Google's Android operating system, Jelly Bean. (AP Photo/Jason DeCrow)

An employee of Samsung Eletronics Co. prepares to display Samsung products at a showroom of its headquarters in Seoul, South Korea, Friday, Oct. 26, 2012. Samsung's third-quarter net profit nearly doubled over a year earlier to a record high propelled by strong sales of Galaxy phones that helped widen its lead over rivals. (AP Photo/Lee Jin-man)

Visitors walk by the entrance to the Samsung Electronics Co. showroom at its headquarters in Seoul, South Korea, Friday, Oct. 26, 2012. Samsung's third-quarter net profit nearly doubled over a year earlier to a record high propelled by strong sales of Galaxy phones that helped widen its lead over rivals. (AP Photo/Lee Jin-man)

Visitors walk by the billboard of Samsung Electronics's Galaxy Note II at a showroom of its headquarters in Seoul, South Korea, Friday, Oct. 26, 2012. Samsung's third-quarter net profit nearly doubled over a year earlier to a record high propelled by strong sales of Galaxy phones that helped widen its lead over rivals. (AP Photo/Lee Jin-man)

People walk past an advertisement poster of a Samsung Electronics Co. product at a subway station in Seoul, South Korea, Friday, Oct. 26, 2012. Samsung's third-quarter net profit nearly doubled over a year earlier to a record high propelled by strong sales of Galaxy phones that helped widen its lead over rivals. (AP Photo/Lee Jin-man)

(AP) ? Strong sales of Galaxy phones propelled Samsung's quarterly profit to a record high, but its shares dropped Friday on the prospect its growth will slow in an increasingly crowded smartphone market.

Samsung Electronics Co. said July-September net profit nearly doubled to 6.56 trillion won ($5.97 billion) from 3.44 trillion won a year earlier. Revenue for the third quarter climbed 26 percent to 52.2 trillion won.

The company's shares fell 2 percent in Seoul after the earnings announcement. Analysts said investors are worried that the widespread adoption of smartphones in developed markets and heightened competition from rivals could squeeze profit from the lucrative smartphone business. Samsung and Apple Inc. together account for nearly half of global smartphone sales.

The South Korean company, which raked in more than half of its profit and revenue from its mobile communications business, said its Galaxy S III and Galaxy Note II smartphones will help sustain its earnings momentum in the final quarter of the year.

Samsung also plans to act more aggressively to advance its share of the tablet PC market next year, its vice presidents Kim Hyun-joon and Robert Yi said at a conference call with investors.

"The tablet market is going through a very significant change," Yi, Samsung's head of investor relations, said at a conference call. The release of mini tablets that are between the size of smartphones and standard tablets could open up a new growth area next year, he said.

Apple, a leader in the tablet market, announced a smaller and cheaper iPad earlier this week, pitting its 7.9-inch iPad mini against small tablets from Amazon, Google and Samsung. Samsung launched the Galaxy Note II, an overblown smartphone with a 5.5-inch screen and a digital pen, in the U.S. market earlier this week.

A slew of PC makers including Samsung launched tablet and laptop computers based on Windows 8 on Friday, as Microsoft introduced a major update to its operating system, allowing it to work on tablets and desktop computers. However, Samsung's head of investor relations said it was not clear if these new products will spur a huge increase in demand.

Operating profit surged 91 percent to an all-time high of 8.12 trillion won ($7.4 billion) in the third quarter, in line with the company's preliminary results released earlier this month. Samsung is the world's largest maker of computer memory chips, mobile phones and TVs.

In the latest quarter, Samsung benefited from robust sales of its Galaxy smartphones as well as demand for high-end components for mobile devices, which offset weak global PC demand and a thin profit from its memory chip business.

Its mobile communications division that sells the Galaxy series of smartphones and tablet computers generated revenue of 26.3 trillion won.

Sales of the Galaxy S III smartphone topped 20 million handsets in little more than three months after its May 29 launch. Samsung said the Galaxy Note II, the latest iteration of the Note series, is expected to exceed the 10 million sales of its predecessor.

Research firm IDC said Samsung further widened its gap with runner-up Apple in the smartphone market. IDC said Samsung sold 56.3 million smartphones versus Apple's 26.9 million iPhone sales, capturing 31.3 percent of the global smartphone market in the third quarter.

Kim, a vice president of Samsung's mobile communications team, said the company's smartphone sales saw "a substantial shipment growth" in China. Samsung, which is the largest smartphone seller in China according to IDC, did not disclose figures.

High-end display panels called OLED, or organic light-emitting diode, which are used in mobile devices including Samsung's own smartphones, also shored up its bottom line, Samsung said.

With the latest result, Samsung set a record-high quarterly operating profit for a fourth quarter in a row. But some analysts are skeptical whether Samsung will post another increase in profit in the final quarter of this year due to higher marketing costs.

Samsung said it will try to increase profit even if it faces heightened competition during the holiday season. In addition to its Android-powered Galaxy series, Samsung plans to release ATIV series smartphones based on Windows 8, the latest version of Microsoft's Windows operating system, before the end of this year.

The patent disputes between Apple and Samsung linger as another negative factor for Samsung's fourth-quarter earnings, although Samsung has sufficient cash reserves and earnings to cushion any impact.

Samsung is trying to reverse the decision in August of a San Jose jury to fine it $1 billion over copying Apple's design and technology for the iPhone and the iPad. The U.S. judge's decision may be issued as early as December.

The penalty could triple if the judge finds Samsung's act of copying was willful. But recent developments surrounding the patent disputes between Samsung and Apple, such as the U.S. patent office's initial ruling earlier this month to invalidate one of Apple's patents, could also scale back the penalty.

___

Follow Youkyung Lee on Twitter: www.twitter.com/YKLeeAP

Associated Press

Source: http://hosted2.ap.org/APDEFAULT/f70471f764144b2fab526d39972d37b3/Article_2012-10-26-SKorea-Earns-Samsung%20Electronics/id-49631fc9390f4b21ad25c00fb36750ce

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Home Based Business Opportunities Florida - Work At Home

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Source: http://workathomeandmakemoney.org/home-based-business-opportunities-florida/

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Yorktown Grounding Results From Inexperienced Crew : Cruise ...

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Cruise Bruise?

The Cruise Ship Bruising Report

Missing - Murder - Death - Overboard - Rape - Injury - Epidemic

Fire - Sinking - Grounding - Mutiny - Drug Bust - Theft - Medical Malpractice

--> --> --> --> --> --> --> --> --> --> --> --> --> -->Larger & More Live Satellites? here
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Passengers who died on sinking cruise ships. Sinking of the Queen Of The North on? March 22, 2006 off the coast of Alaska and other cruise ships that sunk after grounding.

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Passengers who died or were injured during cruise ship fires, such as the fire aboard Princess Cruises' Star Princess March 23, 2006

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Passengers murdered on cruise ships, such as Karen Roston, murdered by her husband during their honeymoon and Shirley McGill beaten to death by her husband in their cabin.

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Passengers who died or were injured during cruise ship bombings, such as the fire aboard Princess Cruises' Star Princess March 23, 2006

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Passengers believed to be alive, after they went missing from a cruise ship, passengers are missing after going overboard.

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Compare cruise lines by the BBB ratings, view their complaints & customer service level.

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Men who worked aboard cruise ships or were passengers aboard cruise ship and were known child molesters or child pornographers or were caught child molesting on a cruise ship, such as Princess Cruise's Captain Peter Russell.

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Passengers and crew who were arrested on cruise ships for transporting illegal drugs, some of them huge caches, many of them on Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines' ships sailing in the Caribbean.

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Cruise Ships and other ships that have been collisions with whales, some of them pulling into port with a whale impaled on the bow of the cruise ship, as with Sapphire Princess, seen above.

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Cruise ship book reviews, for books written by maritime lawyers, cruise ship officers, cruise ship passengers, cruise ship crew members, journalists and others, as well as fictional books covering cruise ship topics.

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When the rocking and swaying doesn't end after the cruise, you are suffering from Mal de Debarquement Syndrome with symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, headache and confusion.

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Adult passengers, child passengers and crew members who were sexually assaulted or raped. lised by cruise ship name, beginning with the cruise ship with the most crimes aboard.

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Scooter accidents, bus collisions and airplane crashes, passengers robbed or murdered while in port or on a cruise ship excursion, including large groups robbed by bandits.

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Cruise Ships, private pleasure crafts and cargo ships that come under attack, included the legendary pirate attack aboard Seabourn Spirit which was defended by Mike Groves.

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Cruise ship passenger, crew and officer videos, along with cruise line commericals, documentaries and maritime law videos.

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Crew members who went missing while working aboard a cruise ship, many of them in the Caribbean, too many of them cooks,like Angelo Faliva.

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Travel Writers Karen Smith and Lena Hunt share their travels to Alaska, Florida, Canada, Uganda,? Thailand, England, Iceland, Egypt, Mexico and more.

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Interactive maps, live real time traffic and weather reports, crime reports, restaurants, hotels and shops near the cruise ship terminal, transportation information, excursions, tips for cruise ship terminals around the world.

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Hundreds of cruise ship photos, cruise ships docking, cruise ships in port, cruise ships at the cruise ship terminal. Above, Carnival Paradise tendering at Santa Catalina Island.

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Comparrison chart for passport fees in various nations. If you lose your passport while you are out of the country, the fees may surprise you.

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Travel agents who took money from passengers to book cruises, didn't book the cruise, took the money and ran.

--> --> --> -->Bed Bug Attacks on cruise ships. Passengers being eaten live in their cruise ship cabins.
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Stay safe on a cruise ship is a breeze when you follow some common sense rules of the high seas.

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Former crew member Mike Krebs shares his travels with us, giving us an inside look into the cruise ship crew member travel experience.

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The United States Coast Guard (USCG)?says the Grounding of? V Ships Leisure USA's cruise ship?Yorktown in the Detroit River area of the Great Lakes on August 26, 2012, ?was the result of crew error. The error being the crew member was inexperienced in sailing in the area and wasn't certified to be at the helm.

The USCG fined the Miami, Florida-based cruise ship company $3,000, though there were no injuries among he crew or 120 passsengers aboard?and no?environmental damage.


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Source: http://www.cruisebruise.com/?entry=yorktown-grounding-results-from-inexperienced

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