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  3. Matreshka Media Offers a Brand New Low Cost and Effective Social Media Marketing Package
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  5. Agent Link Announces the Release of Social Netgear Social Media Marketing Tool

Source: http://www.hugohosting.com/study-the-online-business-greatest-things-about-buy-social-media-services.html

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GEN reports on ocular therapeutics targeting the retina

[ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 10-Sep-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: John Sterling
jsterling@genengnews.com
914-740-2196
Mary Ann Liebert, Inc./Genetic Engineering News

New Rochelle, NY, September 10, 2012-- Therapies for retinal diseases are expected to overtake those for glaucoma by 2014, reports Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News (GEN). Because current retinal disease treatments only improve vision for six to eight weeks, there is a critical need for new remedies, according to a recent issue of GEN.

"As increasing numbers of baby-boomers continue to grow older, many will have to deal with eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration," said John Sterling, Editor-in-Chief of GEN. "Some estimates put the current AMD and diabetic retinopathy drug segment of the market at $3 billion, and this is expected to increase to about $5 billion in two years."

Standard therapy has been Genentech's VEGF inhibitors Lucentis and the off-label use of Avastin. Regeneron, in collaboration with Bayer HealthCare, is challenging these drugs with a similar VEGF inhibitor, Eyela. The FDA approved the drug last November for wet AMD.

In another approach, Acucela is in Phase II trials using visual cycle modulators to lighten the metabolic load on the retina by reducing the activity of the rod visual system. This protects the retina from light damage, improves retinal vasculature, and reduces the accumulation of A2E and other retinal-related toxic by-products.

GlaxoSmithKline has two drugs in Phase II trials for ocular therapy: darapladib, an oral Lp-PLA2 inhibitor for diabetic macular edema, and Votrient, a multi-kinase angiogenesis inhibitor in eye drop form for AMD. Early-stage work also is under way for neovascular AMD, dry AMD, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macula edema, uveitis, and glaucoma, as well as for technologies for drug delivery.

###

Other companies covered in the GEN article include Acucela, pSiveda, Sanofi, NeuroTech, QLT, Applied Genetic Technologies, RetroSense Therapeutics, Aerie Pharmaceuticals, Kowa Pharmaceuticals America, Novartis, Senju Pharmaceutical, Can-Fite Biopharma, Inotek Pharmaceuticals, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, and Santen Pharmaceutical.

For a copy of the September 1 issue of GEN, please call (914) 740-2146, or email: pbartell@genengnews.com

Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News, which is published 21 times a year by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., is the most widely read biotechnology news magazine worldwide. It includes articles on Drug Discovery, Bioprocessing, OMICS, Biobusiness, and Translational Medicine.


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] Public release date: 10-Sep-2012
[ | E-mail | Share Share ]

Contact: John Sterling
jsterling@genengnews.com
914-740-2196
Mary Ann Liebert, Inc./Genetic Engineering News

New Rochelle, NY, September 10, 2012-- Therapies for retinal diseases are expected to overtake those for glaucoma by 2014, reports Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News (GEN). Because current retinal disease treatments only improve vision for six to eight weeks, there is a critical need for new remedies, according to a recent issue of GEN.

"As increasing numbers of baby-boomers continue to grow older, many will have to deal with eye diseases such as age-related macular degeneration," said John Sterling, Editor-in-Chief of GEN. "Some estimates put the current AMD and diabetic retinopathy drug segment of the market at $3 billion, and this is expected to increase to about $5 billion in two years."

Standard therapy has been Genentech's VEGF inhibitors Lucentis and the off-label use of Avastin. Regeneron, in collaboration with Bayer HealthCare, is challenging these drugs with a similar VEGF inhibitor, Eyela. The FDA approved the drug last November for wet AMD.

In another approach, Acucela is in Phase II trials using visual cycle modulators to lighten the metabolic load on the retina by reducing the activity of the rod visual system. This protects the retina from light damage, improves retinal vasculature, and reduces the accumulation of A2E and other retinal-related toxic by-products.

GlaxoSmithKline has two drugs in Phase II trials for ocular therapy: darapladib, an oral Lp-PLA2 inhibitor for diabetic macular edema, and Votrient, a multi-kinase angiogenesis inhibitor in eye drop form for AMD. Early-stage work also is under way for neovascular AMD, dry AMD, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic macula edema, uveitis, and glaucoma, as well as for technologies for drug delivery.

###

Other companies covered in the GEN article include Acucela, pSiveda, Sanofi, NeuroTech, QLT, Applied Genetic Technologies, RetroSense Therapeutics, Aerie Pharmaceuticals, Kowa Pharmaceuticals America, Novartis, Senju Pharmaceutical, Can-Fite Biopharma, Inotek Pharmaceuticals, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, and Santen Pharmaceutical.

For a copy of the September 1 issue of GEN, please call (914) 740-2146, or email: pbartell@genengnews.com

Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News, which is published 21 times a year by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., is the most widely read biotechnology news magazine worldwide. It includes articles on Drug Discovery, Bioprocessing, OMICS, Biobusiness, and Translational Medicine.


[ Back to EurekAlert! ] [ | E-mail | Share Share ]

?


AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.


Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-09/mali-gro091012.php

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Indonesian men top world's smokers as two-thirds light up in country with little restrictions

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Source: http://news.yahoo.com/indonesian-men-top-worlds-smokers-two-thirds-light-084757967.html

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Volunteers find an alphabet of galaxies

Our cosmos is a veritable alphabet soup, featuring galaxies that resemble every letter from A to Z, volunteers participating in the online Galaxy Zoo project have found.

Since 2007, Galaxy Zoo has been asking regular folks around the world to classify galaxies by shape. So far, more than 250,000 people have sorted through roughly 1 million images, saving scientists precious time and helping reveal key insights about galaxy formation and evolution, project officials say.

The work has also produced some odd and quirky results, such as the fact that every letter in the alphabet is galactically represented. A celestial zoo may be in the offing, too, since citizen scientists have also found a penguin-shaped galaxy ? an example of a phenomenon called pareidolia, in which the human brain recognizes shapes in random images.

Even these fun finds could have scientific value, shedding light on what happens when galaxies collide, researchers said. [Photos of Great Galactic Crashes]

"We?d like to thank all those that have taken part in Galaxy Zoo in the past five years," Galaxy Zoo principal investigator Chris Lintott, from the University of Oxford, said in a statement. "Humans are better than computers at pattern recognition tasks like this, and we couldn?t have got so far without everyone?s help."

The Galaxy Zoo team is launching a new incarnation of the site, which can be found at http://galaxyzoo.org. As of today (Sept. 10), Galaxy Zoo will include more than 250,000 new images of galaxies, most of which have never been seen by human eyes before, officials said.

"Now we?ve got a new challenge, and we?d like to encourage volunteers old and new to get involved," Lintott said. "You don?t have to be an expert ? in fact, we?ve found not being an expert tends to make you better at this task. There are too many images for us to inspect ourselves, but by asking hundreds of thousands of people to help us we can find out what?s lurking in the data."

The new photos come from NASA's Hubble Space Telescope and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, a ground-based telescope in New Mexico.

"The two sources of data work together perfectly: the new images from Sloan give us our most detailed view of the local universe, while the CANDELS survey from the Hubble telescope allows us to look deeper into the universe?s past than ever before," said Galaxy Zoo team member Kevin Schawinski, from the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich.

Galaxy Zoo scientists hope that volunteers' work on the new site will shed light on how nearby galaxies took shape and changed over time, officials said.

To write a message with galactic letters, visit http://www.mygalaxies.co.uk, a site set up by Galaxy Zoo team member Steven Bamford of the University of Nottingham.

Follow SPACE.com for the latest in space science and exploration news on Twitter @Spacedotcom and on Facebook.

Copyright 2012 SPACE.com, a TechMediaNetwork company. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/intergalactic-z-volunteers-galaxies-shaped-alphabet-001318792.html

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Turkey should resist urge for war with Kurdish militants -ICG

ANKARA (Reuters) - Turkey's Kurdish conflict is at its bloodiest in more than a decade but Ankara should resist the urge for an all-out military offensive and tackle the legitimate grievances of the country's millions of Kurds, a think-tank said on Tuesday.

Turkey has seen a dramatic rise in violence over the past year with Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) militants launching more and more brazen attacks. Suicide bombings and kidnappings have in turn drawn a harsh military response from Ankara.

More than 700 people have been killed since parliamentary elections in June last year, making this the deadliest period since the capture of the PKK's leader, Abdullah Ocalan, in 1999, the International Crisis Group (ICG) said in a report.

"Stepping up the struggle to wipe out the insurgency by physical frontal assault, even if understandable, will never be enough to solve the conflict and will bring thousands of deaths that will push more Kurdish youths to take up arms," it said.

"The government and mainstream media should resist the impulse to call for all-out anti-terrorist war and focus instead, together with Kurds, on long-term conflict resolution."

Four times as many people have died in the last year than in 2009, the ICG said, with some 400 PKK fighters, more than 200 security personnel, and at least 84 civilians among the dead.

The Turkish military said on Monday 88 of its soldiers had been killed between the start of the year and September 6, more than 10 troop deaths per month. At least three more soldiers have been reported killed since then.

But as the PKK has increased its attacks so Ankara has returned to its hardline stance against the militants, who have been fighting the state since 1984.

Last week the military carried out an offensive in the southeast involving some 2,000 troops as well as war planes and attack helicopters. F-16 fighter jets also struck suspected PKK targets in northern Iraq.

GOVERNMENT "ZIGZAGGED" ON REFORMS

With more than 40,000 people killed since the start of the conflict almost 30 years ago, Turks and Kurds alike now increasingly concede that military action will not solve their problem, the ICG said in the report.

"What has been missing is a clear conflict resolution strategy, implemented in parallel with measured security efforts to combat armed militants, to convince Turkey's Kurds that their rights will be gradually but convincingly extended," it said.

"Above all, politicians on all sides must legalize the rights most of Turkey's Kurds seek, including mother-language education; an end to discriminatory laws; fair political representation; and more decentralization."

While Prime Minister Tayyip Erdogan's government, which swept to a third election victory last June, has broken taboos notably with reforms relating to the Kurdish language, it has "zigzagged" in its commitment to Kurdish rights, ICG said.

Legal Kurdish factions and the PKK, which is considered a terrorist organization by Turkey, the United States and the European Union, have also given contradictory signals, it said, making conciliatory statements, calling for mutual truces but with few condemnations of militant attacks.

The ICG urged the PKK to rein in factions that attack and kidnap civilians and for security forces to limit aggressive crowd control. It said both sides should work toward a ceasefire but that the PKK should not use this as a chance to rearm.

With a secure parliamentary majority and presidential elections two years away, Erdogan's ruling AK Party should seize the opportunity now to kick-start democratic reforms that would meet the demands of many of Turkey's Kurds, who make up around a fifth of the country's 75 million people, the ICG said.

"If Turkey is unable to embrace these basic rights, it will show that it has as much a Turkish problem as a Kurdish one," the ICG said.

"Turkey is still in a position of strength and can move forward ... But given rising tensions and restive youth, this window of opportunity may not be open for much longer."

(Writing by Jonathon Burch; Editing by Nick Tattersall and Angus MacSwan)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/turkey-resist-urge-war-kurdish-militants-icg-120352778.html

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Glide Into Your Project With These Home Improvement Tips ...

Replace old and outdated sliding glass patio doors with french doors. The look is bold and modern, something that new buyers will really appreciate. It?s the kind of small touch that is quick, easy, and inexpensive but will give you the most bang for your hard earn buck.

If you are looking for home improvement ideas that can add value to your house, then lighten everything up by adding space if you can. If your rooms are small, then this gives a cramped/dark feeling to them. Look to see if you can knock down a wall to combine two rooms (possibly between a kitchen and dining room). This will give a light and airy feeling to the space.

Consider the value that you are adding to the home through home improvement projects. You want to make sure that what you add to the home or change in the home is going to present an investment that pays off if you sell the home. You want to add value to the home, not take it away.

If a person already has a pool then they should consider getting a slide for their pool. The slide will be easy to install and bring new life to an old pool. People can newly enjoy what they already have had. Buying a slide can be an easy way to improve a pool.

Before beginning home improvements apply for the appropriate building permits. Any home improvement that involves plumbing, electricity, or structural changes can require a permit. Check your local laws. If you proceed without a permit then you can be fined or it could make the house harder to sell in the future.

Look for ideas of how you want your rooms to look or how you want to decorate them. This will make it less stressful when the time comes around to actually get started since you will already have an idea of what you want to do and you won?t be in a rush.

If you are improving a home that you plan to live in for the rest of your life, then always get the best materials you can afford. While 10 years may sound like a long time, ask yourself if you really want to be doing this project again down the road, and opt for materials with a lifetime warranty instead.

Doing a renovation to the home?s entrance can really add value to your home. As far as curb appeal goes, the entrance to your home plays a critical part in actually getting buyers through the door and gives them the first impression overall of the home when entering. Do not neglect this area of home improvement.

When trying to fix up a house to flip it, pay attention to the kitchen. If has linoleum floors, replace them with tile. It makes the place look much better. You should examine the counters and look at replacing them. They don?t have to be granite, but granite counter tops increase the value of the home and up your chances of selling it.

With the knowledge of these tips to guide you, your self-assurance and expertise at home improvement tasks will grow, and soon you?ll be helping other people learn about fixing and remodeling their homes, too. It doesn?t have to be scary or hard to make your own home improvements, and knowing you have the ability to make your own home into a better place is one of the best feelings you can have.

Ethan Lasanta owns a shop which often carries water filtration systems

Source: http://www.seasonscaptured.com/2012/09/glide-into-your-project-with-these-home-improvement-tips/

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Girl golfer in Idaho fights to play with the boys

BUHL, Idaho (AP) ? For a golf ball waiting to be clubbed, physics are everything. Swing outside-in and the dimpled sphere slices into the rough. Hit it too high and the ball is transformed into a turf-bound, worm-burning projectile.

But as Idaho high school golf champ Sierra Harr knows, that vexing white orb, subordinate as it is to the laws governing matter's travel through space and time, is indifferent to whether it's struck by a boy or a girl.

Just now, however, that's the issue pre-occupying the 16-year-old Harr, as Idaho's high school athletics governing body considers a small rule change with big consequences: It would prevent her from playing with the Castleford High Schools boy's golf team, the one she helped win the 2012 state championship in May.

As it happens, some opposing coaches complained, she said.

"When this started, I only wanted to play golf," Harr, a 16-year-old high school junior from Buhl, Idaho, told The Associated Press. "But I really started to believe that women should be given the same opportunity as men. I kind of became a feminist."

Two years ago, which was Harr's freshman season at Castleford, she easily won the individual girl's state title, for schools with fewer than 160 students.

Her closest rival, a Swedish exchange student, was six strokes adrift.

In 2012, however, only three girls turned out for Castleford's girls' squad, one too few to field a formal team.

Rather than play as an individual, Harr, the No. 3 female golfer in Idaho in her age group with a 2.2 handicap, won the Idaho High School Activities Association's permission to play with Castleford's boys' team provided she qualified every week.

When Harr's seventh-place overall finish in the boy's state tournament in May powered her squad to Idaho's 2A team title, some rival coaches raised concerns allowing her to tee off with the boys went too far, especially since Harr was free to participate in girls' tournaments as an individual.

Activities association officials say they're trying to craft athletic rules nimble enough to accommodate a rare talent like Harr with the misfortune of attending a school where few females golf, while still preserving fairness for others.

Nothing's been decided, either, adds association president Greg Bailey.

Discussion might go beyond a Sept. 25 meeting, the next time the group gets together.

"There aren't any villains here," Bailey said. "We try to look at things from a fairness perspective, fairness for that individual athlete as well as fairness for the other athletes involved. The question is, is she bumping out a boy? And if she wins in the competition, did she bump out a boy in the other school district?"

Experts, however, say the question isn't whether someone gets bumped, since that's part of all sports.

Nancy Hogshead-Makar, a former U.S. Olympic gold medalist swimmer, lawyer and professor at Florida Coastal School of Law, said any governing association must be careful not to deny female student-athletes like Harr an opportunity for the same educational experience that boys get, a protection afforded by landmark 40-year-old federal Title IX provisions meant to end discrimination.

Title IX goes beyond mere participation, Hogshead-Makar told the AP, as it seeks to ensure that girls are afforded equal access and equal opportunities ? including to the educational experience that accompanies team play.

"That's a different educational experience than her being able to participate as an individual," she said.

If enough girls turn out for Castleford's team next spring, Harr would play with them; if they don't, some coaches don't oppose her playing with and against the boys.

"She's with the boys ? she better play with the boys for the next couple years," said Dennie Smyer, golf coach at Declo High School, which plays in Castleford's league. "Her full potential at the 2A level is for her to play with the boys."

Harr putted her first golf ball as a 3-year-old at her home course, the public Clear Lakes Country Club in the Snake River Canyon near Buhl.

To get there, drivers must pass potato, sugar beet and corn fields, a cattle feed lot and an enormous rainbow trout farm; typical for Idaho, the parking lot is three-quarters full of pickups. While hitting a few balls there last week, Harr said she fears the proposed rule change could deprive her of the camaraderie and competition necessary for her to achieve her dream: a college athletic scholarship.

Playing with a team is just different than playing alone, she said, adding her experience with the Castleford boys team helped prepare her for July's Girls Junior America's Cup in Hawaii, where she finished 34th.

"The mental mind set a golfer gains from golfing for a team cannot be replaced," she wrote to the association, pleading her case. "The boys on my team treated me as an equal, and if any of my competitors disapproved of my golfing with the boys, they were gracious enough to keep their opinions to themselves and treated me with respect. The only negative reactions I received were from a few opposing coaches."

.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/girl-golfer-idaho-fights-play-boys-202107536.html

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Angelina Jolie in Jordan to visit Syrian refugees

AMMAN, Jordan (AP) ? The U.N. refugee agency says its special envoy, actress Angelina Jolie, is in Jordan to visit Syrians who fled the civil war in their country.

UNHCR spokesman Ali Bebe says the Hollywood star arrived Monday and is to visit Jordan's first tent city for Syrian refugees on Tuesday morning.

Jolie will be accompanied by U.N. refugee chief Antonio Guterres and Jordanian Foreign Minister Nasser Judeh on the visit to the Zatari camp, which hosts about 27,000 Syrians displaced by the 18-month conflict.

Jordan has sheltered more than 185,000 Syrian refugees ? the largest number in the region.

The UNHCR in April promoted Jolie from serving as its goodwill ambassador to special envoy due to her work for the agency. Jolie has contributed $5 million to U.N. efforts aiding refugees worldwide.

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/angelina-jolie-jordan-visit-syrian-refugees-174826989.html

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Symptoms of crisis? Religion and women's rights in Israel ...

Deniz Kandiyoti: ?Through sporadic news items concerning ultra-orthodox excesses in Israel, we get the sense of a fundamental shift in the role of religion in public life. How would you evaluate the growing public role of religion?

Nira Yuval-Davis: I would not speak of a fundamental shift, but rather of an incremental and cumulative set of transformations that have finally culminated in a qualitative change. The historical status quo between religious and secular Zionisms since 1948 mutated after the 1967 war and reached a transformative momentum.. The Zionist movement had initially developed as a ?modernization? of Jewishness and? the founding fathers sought to resolve the Jewish question by establishing? a ?normal? nation-state. Religious Jews were vehemently opposed to this idea since they saw the coming of the Messiah as the precondition of Jewish sovereignty as well as redemption. There were exceptions, however, like Rav Cook ? who claimed that even though secular Zionists may not be doing it intentionally they were hastening the coming of the Messiah by settling in the Holy Land. Secular Zionists were even labelled as ?donkeys of the Messiah? by becoming the unwitting instruments (like the animal on which he?ll ride to Jerusalem) facilitating his coming.? The messianic importance of the ingathering of the Jews in the Holy Land, incidentally, is a common myth shared by some Evangelical Christians who have been supporting Jewish settlement in the West Bank, although for them this ingathering is a precondition to the return of Jesus and the Armageddon in which all Jews would convert to Christianity or would be exterminated!

Initially religious Zionists were a minority. Prior to Zionist settlement and the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948 most of the Jewish religious parties of the old yishuv distanced themselves from the Zionists. After 1948 the relationships between secular and religious Jews were shaped by the status quo agreement in which? it was understood that the practice of the old yishuv would not be interfered with. So,? for instance, while buses ran on the Sabbath in Haifa which was dominated by the Labour left, there were no buses on that day in Jerusalem and Tel Aviv.

Israel has been dominated by coalition politics. The ruling Labour Party relied on religious parties as their coalition partners since the latter made no claims in strategic areas? such as foreign affairs or defence but demanded and received concessions in domestic matters. In line with the Ottoman millet system which obtained in Palestine, only religious courts (and in the Jewish case only the Orthodox) could handle matters such as marriage and death. Divorce had to be religious but divorce settlement proceedings could be initiated in either secular or religious courts and the women?s movement always advised women to go to secular courts since they were clearly disadvantaged in religious ones. Indeed, refusal to serve and obey an errant husband disqualified? women from maintenance according to religious rules.

It must be understood that religious functionaries were and still are totally embedded into state structures at the local and national level. Aside from the two chief rabbis serving the Ashkenazi and Sephardi ?communities, there are religious councils at municipal level, a huge bureaucracy overseeing kosher rules and religious functionaries in the Israeli military.

But the most important concession to the religious parties since the 1950s was that they demanded, and obtained, their own state education system. However, even in so-called Jewish secular education there was a heavy biblical content which was given a highly nationalist tinge. A study conducted during the late 1960s by Yochanan Peres, Nira Yuval-Davis and Avishai Ehrlich comparing the curriculum of Jewish and Palestinian schools in Israel, found that whereas Jewish children had 5 hours a week of religious education, Palestinian children were taught only small excerpts of the Koran as part of Arabic literature, and were receiving a much more humanistic education. When an MP expressed concern about these findings in the Parliament, the response was to introduce Koranic studies into the Israeli Arab school curriculum with no change to the Jewish one.

DK: So you are saying that basically the study of religion was mapped onto nationalist pedagogy?

NYD: Yes, at least in the Jewish ?secular? schools that was totally the case. In order to sustain the myth of national time which was interrupted by 2000 years of exile but has been restored in the homeland by the Zionist movement,? this was essential. The paradox of Zionism was that the legitimation of settlement in Palestine was always with reference to the religious narrative of the Promised Land. So although the early leaders were personally secularists, they could not allow a total alienation between religious authorities and the Zionist movement, since this would lead to a de-legitimisation of their political project.

DK: ?What were the watershed moments in the balance between secular and religious Zionisms?

NYD: After the 1967 war when ?Biblical Israel?, especially the West Bank, was conquered and occupied, there was a transformation in the status and role of religious Zionists. Until then they were considered as ?second rate? to both Labour Zionism and non Zionist Jewish orthodoxy. The pioneering narrative of Zionist settlement virtually excluded them and? non Zionist Orthodox Jews saw them as compromising the traditional Jewish way of life. Apart from an extreme minority of non-Zionist ultra-religious? groups (like Naturei Karta http://www.nkusa.org/) who were vehemently opposed to the state of Israel, religious Zionists? treated the state of Israel as any other state and maintained their own institutions within it. After 1967, however, the religious Zionists established what they considered to be their own superiority vis a vis both the secular and the non-Zionist religious groups. They developed settler movements which reproduced the frontier experience of early Zionist pioneers, but by occupying Palestinian land near Jewish holy places such as Hebron and other places in the West Bank, they saw themselves as bringing back the Messiah more actively by establishing Jewish sovereignty at the heart of the Occupied Territories.

There was also an important intra-Jewish demographic factor.? A whole generation brought up in the religious education system after the establishment of the state in 1948 came into leadership positions. Also Mizrahi Jews (coming from Arab lands in the Middle East and North Africa) had a more traditional outlook, and although they may not have had an explicitly Zionist ideological orientation they were subject to integrationist pressures in the secular education system and thus preferred to? send their children to religious schools. The demographic balance between secular and religious constituencies gradually changed in favour of the latter, aided by differences in birth rates, with much larger families among the religious. The Mizrahi were also much more open to settling in the new territories because of state subsidies and they tended to support the Likud party. The Labour party?s stance on the occupied territories was that? occupation could be justified in relation to security concerns? but they were worried that full annexation would change the demographic ratios between Jewish and Arab citizens of the state . So they did not want to annex Palestinian populations but to control strategic territorial points. The religious Right, on the other hand, wanted to annex the holy places which were near dense Palestinian populations in towns and villages.

The non-Zionist religious communities also benefited from the occupation and started to open yeshiviot in the Occupied Territories and the new Jewish settlements. Thus, over the years there was a growing rapprochement with religious Zionists who were becoming more orthodox while the non-Zionist became involved in the religious Zionist settlement project.

This inevitably had? gender-related repercussions especially in the Israeli army. Traditionally all religious women could declare they refused military service on religious and conscientious grounds. Religious men did not have this privilege but could ask for a postponement of military service as long as they were studying in a yeshiva.? Israel now has a huge number of yeshiva students and the question of the non-military service of the Ultra Orthodox has become a major political debate in Israel. At the same time, the growing participation of religious Zionist men in the military - for example via the specific kind of Yeshivot Hesder -? has brought its own controversies.

DK: Would it be fair to talk about the de-secularisation of the public sphere, and to argue that this is having a tangible impact on gender roles and expectations?

NDY: Certainly. Religious Zionists did not avoid the army, but whereas previously elite members of the army used to come from the kibbutzim, now the proportion of religious settlers in the army has increased.? Elyakim Levanon, the rabbi of the West Bank settlement of Elon Moreh, was quoted as saying that IDF soldiers should choose death rather than remain at events which include women?s singing. Previously religious soldiers were exposed to girls? singing and dancing and Levanon?s comments came as a reaction to a possible ruling forbidding religious soldiers from leaving events where women sang.

The expansion of the ultra-orthodox communities also has an important spatial expression since geographic proximity is central to the maintenance of an orthodox lifestyle - one which necessitates being able to walk to the synagogue on the Sabbath when going by car is forbidden. Thus, there are growing territorial spaces in which Orthodox Jews are concentrated which are totally intolerant of those leading different life styles. With the demographic changes, more and more neighbourhoods and towns are being taken over and have become frontier zones between ultra religious and secular as well as more liberal religious Jews. This has happened in a context where the non-religious sections of the population have become increasingly more globalized and cosmopolitan. So the growing apart has occurred on the part of both the secular and religious Israelis. I recall that when I was growing up there was an implicit consensus about kosher food, pig cultivation was discreet (and pork referred to euphemistically as ?white meat?) and there were few non-kosher restaurants. The more metropolitan Israel became (as a result of its absorption into the global neo-liberal market) the greater the challenge to kosher and other restrictive rules (such as non opening of cinemas and theatres on the Sabbath) became. So the religious sector, as their power grew, started to feel more and more threatened by secular Jews who, in turn, were feeling increasingly encroached upon.

DK: Judging by press reports, women are being specifically targeted and gender seems to be at the heart of these controversies.

NYD: My own work has been on the role of women not only as the reproducers of the nation, but as symbolic reproducers of communal boundaries. The Jewish religious tradition is patriarchal and women are excluded from leadership positions; in? the religious courts, for example, their evidence is not acceptable. At the same time, since men have to be dedicated to the study of religion, women have to be economically active and thus while segregated are not excluded from the public sphere. Indeed women have been very active in the settler movement, demonstrating? their role as sacrificial mothers. Some religious feminists have fought against the equation between segregation and disempowerment. They have argued for instance that they should be allowed to lead prayers provided this does not involve mixed congregations, and have attempted to do so at the Wailing Wall (and were repeatedly arrested). There was also contestation about segregation on buses going to ultra-orthodox neighbourhoods; the religious communities felt entitled to segregated buses even though these also go through other neighbourhoods. Religious feminists did not contest segregation per se but protested by sitting at the front of the bus claiming there was nothing in the scriptures suggesting women should sit at the back.

A widely publicized incident at Beit Shemesh, aired on prime time television, where a group of ultra-orthodox men harassed a conservatively dressed 8-year old on her way to school created great unease. The growing ultra-orthodox population of this community, which is half an hour?s drive from Jerusalem, also put up a sign outside a row of synagogues instructing women to walk on the other side of the street. This prompted protests against religious coercion and the attempt to restrict women?s public presence, which is the wish of the ultra-orthodox to have the school serve them exclusively.? It is also among these neighbourhoods that ultra-orthodox women started wearing the equivalent of a burqa as a signifier of extreme piety (the global and regional ?ecumenical? fundamentalist effect is clear here). Interestingly the rabbis (who are always male) objected to it because the women had acted on their own initiative and without consultation with the proper authorities. The fact they were exercising agency was not appreciated by the rabbis.

There are many paradoxes in the current situation. The Israeli Defence Force, in line with the reforms in the US military, has reduced the exclusion and discrimination of women in the army and women can now serve as officers in mixed units. Sexual harassment, which took place routinely and in silence, has become a public issue and a former president has been tried for rape allegations. Yet, the rabbi of a religious political movement is able to ban women singing, and orders men to avoid finding themselves in proximity to singing women.

In a similar vein, at a recent conference on women and Jewish morality, women were allowed to sit in the audience but they were not allowed to speak, and a woman scientist who received a state prize was not allowed to go up on stage to receive it. In the midst of all this, an Israeli ambassador?s attempt to ?pinkwash? Israeli policies in a speech in Philadelphia by presenting it as the only gay-friendly state in a hostile environment prompted sharp criticism.

Netanyahu needs the orthodox more and more to justify occupation policies, but this is backfiring. He stated that gender segregation and discrimination against women could not be tolerated in a liberal democracy, and he realizes that the secular public is not in a mood to compromise on the issue of gender segregation. But this has become a symbolic frontier, as well as a concrete testing ground of the power struggle between the religious and secular sectors in the Israeli Jewish society.

Source: http://www.opendemocracy.net/5050/nira-yuval-davis/symptoms-of-crisis-religion-and-women%E2%80%99s-rights-in-israel

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Euro zone may collapse if states reject reforms: German trade association

BERLIN (Reuters) - The euro zone could break up if people living in crisis-stricken southern European countries do not accept structural reforms in the coming years, the head of Germany's BGA trade association said on Monday.

Anton Boerner also dismissed concerns that Germany, Europe's largest economy, could sink into recession in 2012 and said he expected German exports to increase both this year and next.

"If people do not say yes (to structural reforms), then the euro will not be able to exist in its current form," Boerner told Reuters in an interview.

"If the southern European states say yes, we accept the challenges ... then the euro will be stronger than ever before," he added.

Euro zone investor sentiment improved this month for the first time since March thanks to the European Central Bank's plans to rescue the common currency by buying the bonds of vulnerable member states, Sentix research group said on Monday.

Boerner said he did not expect Germany to sink into recession this year despite the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's forecast last week that Germany would contract in the second half of this year.

Economic growth slowed to 0.3 percent in Germany in the second quarter and many economists predict a contraction for the third and possibly the fourth quarters.

Boerner said he expected German exports to increase by "a good four percent" this year.

"Under no circumstances do I see them (exports) stagnating or falling," he said, adding that whether or not exports grew more than this depended on the development of the euro zone crisis.

Data published last week showed German exports and imports edged higher in July, highlighting the continued resilience of Germany, the euro zone's growth locomotive, to the region's debt crisis.

(Reporting by Gernot Heller; Writing by Michelle Martin, Editing by Gareth Jones)

Source: http://news.yahoo.com/euro-zone-may-collapse-states-reject-reforms-german-094205720--business.html

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